Car suspension can be considered one of the most important components in maintaining comfort and stability while driving. Its main function is to absorb shocks and maintain vehicle control, even when driving on bumpy or potholed roads, or when taking sharp turns. 

The suspension system itself consists of springs, shock absorbers, and suspension arms—all working together to connect the wheels to the car body without compromising comfort.

Interestingly, each type of car typically uses a different suspension system, depending on its needs and design. Here are some common types of suspension systems:

1. MacPherson Strut

Simple and cost-effective, this suspension system, invented by Earle Macpherson, is widely used in passenger vehicles. However, when turning, tire grip on the road surface may decrease due to changes in the angle of inclination.  

2. Double Wishbone  

Using two arms (upper arm and lower arm), this system makes the vehicle more stable and precise when turning. Suitable for those prioritizing handling, though it requires more space and maintenance is somewhat complex.

3. Multi-Link

A more complex version of the Double Wishbone. Suitable for high-performance vehicles due to its precise control. However, be prepared for repairs that can be expensive and time-consuming.

4. Rigid Axle

Typically used on large or commercial vehicles. Its design is simple, strong, and durable, but less comfortable at high speeds.

5. Independent Suspension

The left and right wheels operate independently. If one wheel hits a pothole, only that part moves without affecting the other side. Generally used on premium vehicles due to its high comfort, though it is also quite expensive.

6. Rigid Leaf Spring

Often used on commercial vehicles or older vehicle models in Indonesia, especially at the rear, due to its rigid nature. Its construction is simple yet durable and strong for carrying heavy loads. However, it offers limited comfort.

7. Trailing Arm

Typically installed at the rear. Its shape resembles a 3-Link-Rigid suspension, but its operational characteristics differ. It is more suitable for mid-sized vehicles.

8. Air Suspension

This is the most advanced type. It is commonly found in luxury vehicles. Its height can be electronically adjusted, providing a very comfortable ride. However, it is the most expensive option and its construction is highly complex.

Each type of suspension has its own advantages and disadvantages. Regular maintenance is key to ensuring the suspension system functions optimally and provides a comfortable ride.

Indonesia 🇮🇩

Kenali 8 Jenis Suspensi Mobil yang Umum Digunakan Saat Ini

Suspensi mobil bisa dibilang salah satu komponen paling penting dalam menjaga kenyamanan dan kestabilan saat mengemudi. Ia punya tugas utama untuk meredam guncangan dan mempertahankan kontrol kendaraan, meskipun melaju di jalan bergelombang, berlubang, atau saat menikung tajam. 

Sistem suspensi sendiri terdiri dari pegas, shockbreaker, dan lengan suspensi—semuanya bekerja sama menghubungkan roda ke bodi mobil tanpa mengorbankan kenyamanan.

Menariknya, tiap jenis mobil biasanya pakai sistem suspensi yang berbeda, tergantung pada kebutuhan dan desainnya. Berikut beberapa tipe suspensi yang umum dipakai:

1. MacPherson Strut

Simpel dan hemat biaya, suspensi yang ditemukan oleh Earle Macpherson ini banyak dipakai di mobil penumpang. Tapi, saat belok, cengkeraman ban ke aspal bisa berkurang karena sudut kemiringan berubah.

2. Double Wishbone

Pakai dua lengan (upper arm dan lower arm), bikin mobil lebih stabil dan presisi waktu berbelok. Cocok buat yang mengutamakan handling, meski butuh ruang lebih besar dan perawatannya agak kompleks.

3. Multi-Link

Versi lebih kompleks dari Double Wishbone. Cocok buat mobil performa tinggi karena pengendaliannya lebih presisi. Tapi siap-siap, perbaikannya bisa mahal dan butuh waktu lama.

4. Axle Rigid

Biasanya dipakai di mobil besar atau niaga. Desainnya simpel, kuat, dan tahan banting, tapi kurang nyaman buat kecepatan tinggi.

5. Independent Suspension

Roda kiri dan kanan bekerja independen. Kalau salah satu roda mengenai lubang, hanya bagian itu yang bergerak tanpa memengaruhi sisi lainnya. Umumnya dipakai di mobil premium karena kenyamanannya tinggi, walau harganya juga nggak murah.

6. Rigid Leafspring

Banyak digunakan pada mobil niaga atau mobil tipe lama di Indonesia, khususnya di bagian belakang, karena sifatnya yang kaku. Konstruksinya sederhana namun tahan lama serta kuat bawa beban berat. Tapi dari sisi kenyamanan kurang maksimal.

7. Trailing Arm

Biasanya dipasang di bagian belakang. Bentuknya mirip suspensi 3 Link-Rigid, tapi karakter kerjanya beda. Lebih cocok buat mobil ukuran sedang.

8. Suspensi Udara (Air Suspension)

Ini dia yang paling canggih. Banyak ditemukan di mobil mewah. Bisa diatur ketinggiannya secara elektronik dan bikin perjalanan super nyaman. Tapi ya, biayanya juga paling tinggi ditambah konstruksinya sangat rumit.

Masing-masing jenis suspensi punya kelebihan dan kekurangannya. Yang jelas, perawatan rutin jadi kunci biar sistem suspensi tetap bekerja optimal dan perjalanan tetap nyaman.